Gingivitis – The First Stage of Gum Disease

Everyone has millions of bacteria in their mouth. These bacteria usually stay put, but when a person doesn’t brush and floss well, the bacteria form a sticky film called plaque. This irritates gum tissue and can lead to gingivitis, which causes red, swollen and tender gums that bleed easily. Gingivitis is the first stage of gum disease, and it can progress to periodontitis if it’s left untreated.

Gingivitis can be reversed with prompt gingivitis and improved oral care. At a dental office, a hygienist will use special tools to remove the plaque and tartar that cause gingivitis. You’ll also need to brush your teeth more thoroughly and use toothpastes that reduce plaque and promote gum health. A combination of these changes can often clear up gingivitis within a few days or weeks. However, gingivitis that doesn’t get treated can progress to advanced gum disease, which damages underlying tissue and bone.

What to Look for When Choosing a Dentist for Your Family

Most cases of gingivitis are caused by poor oral hygiene that allows plaque to build up on teeth and irritate the gums. Other factors, including hormonal changes (especially during pregnancy), certain medications (including phenytoin, Dilantin and Phenytek for epilepsy; and some calcium channel blockers for angina and high blood pressure), illness and smoking can also play a role. Plaque, food, crooked teeth and faulty restorations can all contribute to gingivitis by deepening the normal crevice (sulcus) between the tooth and gums and creating pockets that trap food, plaque and bacteria.